RESUMEN
The amputation of the lower limbs and depression has been studied by different groups with a wide prevalence range and some variables were related to depressive symptoms. Depression and anxiety have been related with a major impact on adherence to rehabilitation, functional prognosis, and quality of life. Knowing the patients at highest odds of presenting depressive symptoms may favor an early approach and treatment, ultimately optimizing the rehabilitation process and social reintegration. Depression can be related to a lower rate of adaptation to the prosthesis and its use. Objective: To determine the association among demographic, socioeconomic, clinical variables with depressive symptoms in amputees before the prosthetic adaptation. Methods: A case-control study was performed to analyze variables associated with depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) in lower limb amputees. Results: Patients with previous depression (OR= 17,08; CI95:2,14-136,28) and low socioeconomic class (OR= 3,04; CI95:1,24-7,47) are at highest odds of depression after amputation in the state of Santa Catarina. The model explained 71,4% of cases, classifying 88,1% of negative and 23,8% of positive cases. According to our model amputees recruited rarely presented the diagnosis of depression if they belong to a higher socioeconomic class and have no previous depression. On the other hand, patients who presented Brazilian low socioeconomic class D-E, and previous depression should be referenced to a psychological evaluation because they have a chance of depression, close to 1 in 4 cases. Conclusion: Previous depression and low social class were associated with the highest odds of depression after amputation in our population.
Sintomas depressivos em pacientes com amputação de membros inferiores foram foco de diversos estudos, com amplos intervalos de prevalência encontrados, e algumas variáveis foram relacionadas com os sintomas depressivos. Depressão e ansiedade têm grande impacto na aderência à reabilitação, no prognóstico funcional e na qualidade de vida. Conhecer os pacientes que têm maior risco de apresentar sintomas depressivos pode favorecer uma abordagem precoce e seu tratamento, potencializando a reabilitação, a reinserção social, a adaptação à prótese e seu uso. Objetivo: Determinar associação entre fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, e clínicos com sintomas depressivos em pacientes amputados antes da protetização. Métodos: Estudo tipo caso-controle para avaliar fatores associados - dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e comorbidades - à depressão (utilizando escala de depressão de Beck-II) em pacientes com amputação de membro inferior. Resultados: Pacientes com depressão prévia (OR= 17,08, IC95:2,14-136,28) e baixa classe social (OR= 3,04, IC95:1,24-7,47) apresentam alta chance de depressão após amputação em Santa Catarina. O modelo explica 71.4% dos casos, classificando adequadamente 88,1% dos negativos e 23,8% dos positivos. E encontrou-se maior capacidade de predizer casos negativos - amputados raramente apresentaram diagnóstico de depressão se pertenciam a uma classe social mais alta e se não tinham diagnóstico prévio de depressão. Pacientes de classes sociais D-E, e diagnóstico prévio de depressão devem ser referenciados para avaliação psicológica devido à chance de depressão próxima de 1 a cada 4 casos. Conclusão: Depressão prévia à amputação e classes sociais mais baixas apresentaram maior chance de desenvolver sintomas depressivos após amputação na população estudada.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders produce Theory of Mind impairment. We aimed to implement a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Faux Pas Recognition Test (FPRT) and evaluate its psychometric properties.Methods: We first completed an English-Brazilian Portuguese translation and adaptation to obtain an FPRT Brazilian Portuguese version. We performed a multicentric study with 153 healthy participants (68.6% women), mean age of 38.8 years (SD = 14.6) and 12.9 years of schooling (SD = 4.5). Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of social class, age, schooling, and FPRT scores. The psychometric analyses comprised item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability, and validity analysis.Results: Normative data in a Brazilian population is presented. A positive correlation of scores with years of schooling, social class, and an inverse relation with age was found. The exploratory factorial analysis found a two-component structure, one component, consisting of questions 1 through 6 (Eigenvalue 5.325) and another component, consisting of questions 7 and 8 (Eigenvalue 1.09). Cronbach's alpha of the 20 stories was .72. All control stories had a poor discriminative index.Conclusion: The FPRT Brazilian Portuguese version demonstrated good internal consistency and, psychometric properties and is adequate for use even in lower educational contexts in Brazil.
